Tilläggsinformation

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Författare, titel
ALM-ARVIUS, C., Figures of speech
Innehållsförteckning
1 Introduction 9 1.1 Figures of speech and verbal language 9 1.2 More on tropes and types of meaning 19 1.2.1 The basic characteristics of metaphor and metonymy 19 1.2.2 Semiotics, semantics, and pragmatics 29 1.3 Extended and transferred meanings 31 1.3.1 Figurative extensions 33 1.3.2 Transferred meanings 36 1.3.3 An analytical continuum 41 1.3.4 Dead metaphors and severed metonymies 45 1.4. Schemes 49 2 The Grounding of Meanings in Language 55 2.1 More on non-figurative and figurative meanings 55 2.1.1 The gradient from non-figurative to figurative meanings 55 2.1.2 Literal meaning and source meaning 64 2.1.3 Literal meaning and concrete meaning 67 2.1.4 Figurative meaning and abstract meaning 71 2.1.5 Three analytical distinctions 75 2.1.6 Conversational implicature and paralinguistic modulation 76 2.2 Theory and the grounding of language meanings 79 3 More on Metaphor and Related Tropes 87 3.1 Metaphor and semantic theory 87 3.2 Further inquiry into the character of metaphor 90 3.2.1 Metaphor is more than decorative substitution 90 3.2.2 I A Richards's metaphor model and attitudinal metaphors 92 3.2.3 Can metaphors be rephrased as more explicit similes? 97 3.2.4 Metaphor and similarity 99 3.2.5 Metaphor and hyponymy 103 3.2.6 Primary or conventional metaphors-and analytic sentences 110 3.2.7 Internal and external metaphors, and Black's interaction view 115 3.2.8 More on cognitive studies and metaphor: thought complexes and space blends 117 3.2.9 Expanded and mixed metaphors 120 3.2.10 The creative interaction of experience, cognition, and language senses 122 3.3 Simile 125 3.4 Personification, and the importance of world views 129 3.5 Oxymoron 134 3.6 Hyperbole and understatement 135 3.7 Symbolic language 137 4 Punning 141 4.1 Polysemy in punning 141 4.2 Homonymy in punning 143 4.3 Puns will be language specific 147 4.4 The communicative function of puns 148 4.5 The two meanings in a pun 150 5 Metonymy and Synecdoche 153 5.1 Metonymy and experiential co-occurrence 153 5.1.1 The expansion test and property inheritance 155 5.1.2 Metonymic scenarios 157 5.1.3 Literal senses and metonymic shifts 160 5.1.4 Types of metonymic shortcuts 162 5.2 Synecdoche 163 5.2.1 The general character of synecdoche 163 5.2.2 Denotation and synecdoche 165 5.3 The categorial indeterminacy of some figurative senses 168 5.4 Metonymic and synecdochical abbreviations 169 5.5 Metonymy, synecdoche, and meronymy 171 6 Schemes 175 6.1 The general character of schemes 175 6.2 Phonological schemes, onomatopoeia, and sound symbolism 176 6.3 Parallelism and chiasmus 180 6.4 Schemes and magic 181 6.5 Schemes, pedagogy, and idiomaticity 185 7 Conclusion 189 Appendix 193 References 197 Index 213